Clinical features: Muscle weakness, spasticity, bladder and bowel dysfunction

MRI: Spinal cord atrophy

Clinical features: Sensory disturbance, neuropathy

MRI: Imaging of the brain may appear normal or may show minor abnormalities involving the pyramidal tracts within the internal capsules and brainstem

Clinical features: Spasticity, gait imbalance

MRI: Periventricular white matter abnormalities, brain atrophy

Clinical features: Peripheral neuropathy

MRI: White matter abnormalities involving the corpus callosum and parieto-occipital regions

Clinical features: Ataxia, spasticity, neurologic deterioration after minor trauma or infections

MRI: T2 hyperintense signal changes involving supratentorial white matter, cerebellar degeneration

Clinical features: n/a

MRI: Progressive rarefaction and cystic degeneration of the supratentorial cerebral white matter, with radiating stripes on T1 and FLAIR imaging

Clinical features: Ataxia, spasticity, cognitive decline

MRI: Signal abnormalities involving the periventricular white matter and cerebellar white matter

Clinical features: Epilepsy, peripheral neuropathy

MRI: Signal changes involving the corticospinal tract, medial lemniscus and trigeminal nerves

Clinical features: Cognitive decline, spasticity, ataxia

MRI: Signal abnormalities involving the periventricular white matter and brainstem

Clinical features: Tremors, bradykinesia, prominent gait apraxia, parkinsonism

MRI: Thinning of the corpus callosum, convexity subarachnoid spaces, deep white matter diffusion restriction or microcalcifications, no contrast enhancement

Clinical features: Muscle weakness, spasticity, dysarthria/bulbar dysfunction and gait imbalance

MRI: Frontal white matter involvement, periventricular rim, brainstem or spinal cord abnormalities

Clinical features: Vision loss

MRI: Generalised brain atrophy, absence of symmetry, spinal cord lesions involving the thoracic cord, optic nerve lesions

Clinical features: Muscle weakness, oculomotor abnormalities, ataxia, spasticity, hyper-reflexia

MRI: Atrophy of the cerebellum

Clinical features: Peripheral neuropathy, tremor

MRI: Ventricular enlargement

Clinical features: Muscle weakness, spasticity, bladder dysfunction

MRI: Spinal cord lesions

Clinical features: Paraesthesia, sensory loss, acute or chronic pain

MRI: Spinal cord lesions extending over multiple segments and classically involving the thoracic cord

Clinical features: Spasticity, paraparesis, gait disturbance, bladder dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension

MRI: Medullary and spinal cord atrophy, cerebellar atrophy, periventricular white matter abnormalities

Clinical features: Peripheral neuropathy, paraesthesia

MRI: Thinning of the corpus callosum, white matter lesions with occipital predominance, signal changes affecting the internal and external capsules and medial lemniscus

Clinical features: Intractable vomiting

MRI: Lesions in the dorsal medulla

Clinical features: Normal height, no scoliosis

MRI: Absence of signal changes in the periventricular white matter, deep grey matter or cerebellar dentate

Clinical features: Oculomotor abnormalities, bulbar signs, muscle weakness

MRI: n/a

Clinical features: No autonomic symptoms, lack of upper motor neurone signs or ataxia

MRI: n/a

Clinical features: Hyper-reflexia, incoordination, spasticity, muscle atrophy, bulbar signs, autonomic dysfunction

MRI: n/a

Clinical features: Pseudobulbar palsy, paraesthesia, pain

MRI: Decreased signal intensity within the motor cortex on T2-weighted images, corticospinal tract lesions, decreased signal intensity within the precentral gyrus on susceptibility-weighted imaging, signal changes involving the corticospinal tract and internal capsule

Clinical features: Ataxia, spasticity, hyper-reflexia, autonomic dysfunction, oculomotor abnormalities

MRI: Cerebellar atrophy, hot-cross bun sign

Clinical features: Anhidrosis, visuospatial dysfunction

MRI: Hyperintense T2 cross-shaped signal within the pons due to transverse pontocerebellar fibre degeneration